Rancang Bangun Sistem Parkir Otomatis Berbasis RFID dan ESP32 Dengan Analisis Kinerja Komunikasi Data LoRa dan MQTT

Sultha Redysa; Andi Ahmad Dahlan

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.2738

Authors

Sultha Redysa Politeknik Negeri Padang
Andi Ahmad Dahlan Politeknik Negeri Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.2738

Keywords:

ESP32 DevKit V1, IoT, LoRa, MQTT, Smart Parking

Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor mendorong kebutuhan akan sistem parkir yang efisien, andal, dan mampu melakukan pemantauan secara real-time. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem parkir otomatis berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang mengintegrasikan RFID, komunikasi LoRa, MQTT, dan Node-RED untuk identifikasi pengguna, validasi akses, pengendalian palang, serta monitoring parkir. Sistem yang dikembangkan menggunakan node berbasis ESP32 untuk akuisisi data dan komunikasi nirkabel, sedangkan Raspberry Pi berperan sebagai server yang menjalankan MQTT, Node-RED, dan MySQL. Kinerja sistem dievaluasi melalui pengujian fungsional serta analisis performa komunikasi menggunakan parameter delay, Round Trip Time (RTT), Quality of Service (QoS), dan packet loss. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata delay komunikasi LoRa meningkat dari 1,326 detik pada jarak kurang dari 5 m menjadi 2,056 detik pada jarak 200 m, sedangkan komunikasi MQTT menghasilkan packet loss sebesar 0% pada seluruh tingkat QoS. Sistem yang dikembangkan berhasil melakukan identifikasi kendaraan, validasi akses, dan monitoring secara real-time dengan performa komunikasi yang andal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi RFID, LoRa, MQTT, dan Node-RED layak diterapkan pada sistem smart parking berbasis IoT.

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