Tinjauan Teori Perilaku Kesehatan Dalam Pencegahan Resistensi Antimikroba: Systematic Literature Review

Abraham Tangganah

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1992

Authors

Abraham Tangganah Universitas Kadiri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1992

Keywords:

Resistensi Antimikroba, Teori Perilaku Kesehatan, Pencegahan, Intervensi Perilaku, Tinjauan Sistematis

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengulas secara komprehensif tren, efektivitas, tantangan, dan celah penelitian terkait penerapan teori perilaku kesehatan dalam pencegahan resistensi antimikroba (AMR). Menggunakan desain Systematic Literature Review (SLR) sesuai PRISMA, literatur dari basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan antara 2022-2026 dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan tren peningkatan signifikan dalam penerapan teori perilaku kesehatan sejak 2023, dengan intervensi perilaku efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, sikap, dan praktik penggunaan antimikroba bijak pada tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat umum. Kepatuhan dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, pendidikan, dukungan sosial, pemrosesan kognitif, serta keyakinan kesehatan individu, di mana persepsi kerentanan dan identitas profesional turut berperan. Namun, implementasi menghadapi kendala sumber daya, ketersediaan antimikroba melimpah, biaya peresepan, serta kekhawatiran klinisi. Kampanye kesadaran saja tidak cukup, dan efek intervensi sering tidak bertahan lama karena tekanan pasien. Celah penelitian meliputi literasi kesehatan yang bervariasi, kurangnya instrumen penilaian perilaku terstandar, dan kebutuhan adaptasi intervensi spesifik konteks. Studi ini memperkuat pemahaman mengenai peran krusial teori perilaku kesehatan dalam penanganan AMR, menempatkan faktor psikososial dan kontekstual sebagai mekanisme pelengkap bagi upaya biomedis. Diperlukan pengembangan intervensi komprehensif dan berkelanjutan, didukung sistem integrasi, serta studi uji coba skala penuh untuk validasi jangka panjang.

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