Analisis Total Harmonic Distortion Tegangan dan Arus pada Sistem Tiga Fasa Berbeban Nonlinier Berdasarkan IEEE Std 519-2014

Vito Badrul Fikri; Pratomo Budi  Santosa

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1991

Authors

Vito Badrul Fikri Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Pratomo Budi Santosa Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1991

Keywords:

analisis FFT, beban nonlinier, harmonik, IEEE Std 519-2014, total harmonic distortion

Abstract

Distorsi harmonik akibat beban nonlinier merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama kualitas daya pada sistem tenaga listrik karena dapat menurunkan efisiensi sistem, meningkatkan rugi-rugi daya, menyebabkan pemanasan berlebih pada peralatan, serta memperpendek umur operasi peralatan listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) tegangan dan arus pada sistem penyearah jembatan dioda tiga fasa berbeban RL serta mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan ketentuan IEEE Std 519-2014. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode simulasi dengan memodelkan sistem tiga fasa 380 V, 50 Hz pada perangkat lunak simulasi sistem tenaga. Analisis harmonik dilakukan menggunakan metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) untuk memperoleh spektrum harmonik serta nilai THD pada sisi tegangan dan arus. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tegangan fundamental sebesar 309,13 Vpuncak (218,60 Vrms) dengan rata-rata THDv sebesar 30,97%, sehingga melebihi batas yang direkomendasikan oleh IEEE Std 519-2014. Spektrum harmonik arus didominasi oleh harmonik orde ke-5 dan ke-7 yang merupakan karakteristik khas penyearah dioda enam pulsa. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa distorsi harmonik lebih dominan terjadi pada sisi arus dibandingkan sisi tegangan, sehingga diperlukan penerapan metode mitigasi harmonik, seperti filter harmonik pasif maupun aktif, untuk menurunkan nilai THD dan meningkatkan kualitas daya agar memenuhi standar IEEE Std 519-2014.

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