Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan One Health dalam Penanggulangan Resistensi Antimikroba: Tantangan dan Strategi Multisektoral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1924Keywords:
Resistensi Antimikroba, One Health, Kebijakan Kesehatan, Surveilans, Kolaborasi MultisektoralAbstract
Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) merupakan ancaman kesehatan global yang semakin meningkat akibat penggunaan antimikroba yang tidak rasional pada sektor kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan. Pendekatan One Health dikembangkan sebagai strategi kolaboratif yang mengintegrasikan berbagai sektor dalam upaya pengendalian AMR secara berkelanjutan. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan One Health dalam penanggulangan resistensi antimikroba, mengidentifikasi tantangan implementasi, serta merumuskan strategi multisektoral yang efektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review terhadap publikasi ilmiah dari Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Web of Science. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan One Health telah diadopsi melalui berbagai kebijakan global dan nasional, termasuk Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Beberapa negara seperti Swedia dan Denmark berhasil menerapkan sistem surveilans terintegrasi yang mendukung penggunaan antibiotik secara rasional. Namun demikian, implementasi masih menghadapi sejumlah hambatan berupa lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor, keterbatasan surveilans terpadu, rendahnya kepatuhan terhadap prinsip antimicrobial stewardship, serta pencemaran lingkungan akibat residu antimikroba. Strategi yang direkomendasikan meliputi penguatan program antimicrobial stewardship, integrasi sistem surveilans, peningkatan biosekuriti, pengelolaan limbah yang lebih baik, serta penguatan kolaborasi antarsektor. Keberhasilan implementasi One Health sangat bergantung pada komitmen pemerintah, kerjasama multisektoral, dan keselarasan kebijakan di tingkat nasional maupun global.
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