Persepsi Staf Terhadap Kebisingan di ICU RS X: Studi Kualitatif

Rahma Dwi Syukrini; Elfiana Elfiana; Yuyun Setiyawati

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i2.1386

Authors

Rahma Dwi Syukrini Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Elfiana Elfiana Universitas Indonesia
Yuyun Setiyawati Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i2.1386

Keywords:

Kebisingan, ICU, Persepsi Staf

Abstract

Ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) merupakan lingkungan pelayanan kesehatan dengan tingkat kebisingan yang tinggi akibat aktivitas klinis yang berlangsung selama 24 jam dan penggunaan berbagai peralatan medis. Kebisingan yang melebihi batas yang direkomendasikan dapat memengaruhi kenyamanan pasien serta kualitas lingkungan kerja tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi staf terhadap kebisingan di ICU RS X. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Partisipan dipilih secara purposive dan terdiri dari lima staf ICU yang mewakili dua profesi, yaitu kepala ruangan, perawat penanggung jawab, perawat pelaksana, dan apoteker. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Analisis data menghasilkan dua tema utama. Tema pertama menunjukkan bahwa sumber kebisingan di ICU berasal dari aktivitas petugas kesehatan, seperti komunikasi antarprofesi, visite dokter, dan penanganan kegawatdaruratan, serta bunyi alarm alat medis seperti monitor pasien, ventilator, dan syringe pump. Tema kedua menunjukkan bahwa dampak psikologis kebisingan berbeda antara petugas dan pasien. Sebagian besar petugas menganggap kebisingan sebagai bagian dari sistem keselamatan pasien dan tidak mengalami gangguan psikologis yang berarti karena telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan kerja ICU. Namun, menurut persepsi staf, kebisingan dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, gangguan istirahat, kecemasan, dan rasa takut pada pasien yang sadar. Kebisingan di ICU dipersepsikan sebagai konsekuensi dari aktivitas pelayanan kesehatan dan penggunaan teknologi pemantauan pasien yang penting untuk keselamatan pasien. Meskipun staf telah beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan yang bising, upaya pengelolaan kebisingan tetap diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kesejahteraan pasien tanpa mengurangi kualitas serta keselamatan pelayanan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Armbruster, C., Walzer, S., Witek, S., Ziegler, S., & Farin-Glattacker, E. (2023). Noise exposure among staff in intensive care units and the effects of unit-based noise management: A monocentric prospective longitudinal study. BMC Nursing, 22, 460.

Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S., & Stansfeld, S. (2021). Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health. The Lancet, 383(9925), 1325–1332.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X

Bawadi, H., Elshami, S., Awaisu, A., Al-Jayyousi, G. F., Ashfaq, S., & Mukhalalati, B. (2023). A review of technical and quality assessment considerations of audio-visual and web-conferencing focus groups in qualitative health research. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 563.

Borbasi, S., & Jackson, D. (2008). Navigating the maze of nursing research 2e: An interactive learning adventure: Elsevier Australia.

Choiniere, D.B., 2010. The effects of hospital noise. Nursing Administ. Quart. 34 (4), 327–333.

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Strategies for qualitative data analysis. Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 3.

Elbaz, M., Léger, D., Sauvet, F., et al. (2017). Sound level intensity severely disrupts sleep in ventilated ICU patients. Annals of Intensive Care, 7, 25.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-017-0248-7

Guerra, G. G., Joffe, A. R., Sheppard, C., Pugh, J., Moez, E. K., Dinu, I. A., … Group, T. (2018). Prospective cohort study on noise levels in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care, 44, 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.12. 008.

Halcomb, E.J., Gholizadeh, L., DiGiacomo, M., Phillips, J., Davidson, P.M. (2007). Literature review: considerations in undertaking focus group research with culturally and linguistically diverse groups. J. Clin. Nurs. 16 (6), 1000–1011.

Hiemstra, F. W., van Kekem, M. J., Arbous, M. S., Schoones, J. W., & van Westerloo, D. J. (2026). The impact of alarm sounds on patient sleep in the intensive care unit: A scoping review. Journal of Critical Care, 94, 155612.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2026.155612

Hurworth, R. (1996). Qualitative methodology: Common questions about running focus groups during evaluations. Evaluat. News Comm. 5 (1), 48–52.

Jonescu, E. E., Litton, E., & Farrell, B. (2025). Investigating the interplay of thermal, lighting, and acoustics in intensive care for enhanced patient well-being and clinical outcomes. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 18(2), 158–173.

https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867251317235

Kebapci, et al. (2020). “Noise Factory”: A qualitative study exploring healthcare providers’ perceptions of noise in the intensive care unit. Jurnal homepage Elsevier, 63(2), 1-8.

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor: 1778/Menkes/SK/XII/2010.

Kinstler, A., Vidonish, W.P., Wagner, M., Lin, L., Davis, K.G., Kotowski, S.E., Daraiseh, N.M., (2015). Impact of noise on nurses in pediatric intensive care units. Am. J. Crit. Care 24 (5), 377–384.

Kol, E., Aydın, P., Dursun, O., (2015). The effectiveness of environmental strategies on noise reduction in a pediatric intensive care unit: Creation of single-patient bedrooms and reducing noise sources. J. Special. Pediat. Nurs. 20 (3), 210–217.

Konkani, A., et al. (2014). Reducing Hospital ICU Noice : A Behavior-Based Approach. Journal of Healthcare Engineering. 5(2), 229-246.

Kurmann, A., Peter, M., Tschan, F., Mühlemann, K., Candinas, D., Beldi, G., (2011). Adverse effect of noise in the operating theatre on surgical-site infection. Br. J. Surg. 98 (7), 1021–1025.

Lawson, N., Thompson, K., Saunders, G., Saiz, J., Richardson, J., Brown, D., Pope, D., (2010). Sound intensity and noise evaluation in a critical care unit. Am. J. Crit. Care 19 (6), e88–e98.

Liu, E.H., Tan, S.-M., (2000). Patients’ perception of sound levels in the surgical suite. J. Clin. Anesth. 12 (4), 298–302.

Morrison, W.E., Haas, E.C., Shaffner, D.H., Garrett, E.S., Fackler, J.C., (2003). Noise, stress, and annoyance in a pediatric intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 31 (1), 113–119.

Naef, A. C., Knobel, S. E. J., Ruettgers, N., Rossier, M., Jeitziner, M. M., Zante, B., Müri, R. M., Schefold, J. C., Nef, T., & Gerber, S. M. (2023). Characterization of sound pressure levels and sound sources in the intensive care unit: A 1-week observational study. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1219257.

Nasirmoghadas, A., Salimi Akinabadi, A., Rahimi, Y., Sanaie, N., Sedighi, L., et al. (2025). The effect of a clinical approach to ventilator alarm management on alarm fatigue in intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Nursing, 24, Article 350.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03500-3

Naef, A. C., Knobel, S. E. J., Ruettgers, N., Jeitziner, M. M., Holtforth, M., Zante, B., Schefold, J. C., Nef, T., & Gerber, S. M. (2022). Methods for measuring and identifying sounds in the intensive care unit. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 836203.

Pokharel, A., et al. (2025). Data collection methods in qualitative research: Researchers' reflections. Qualitative Research Journal.

Răzvan, A., & Mădălina, M. (2023). Dematerialized participation challenges: Methods and practices for online focus groups. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1145264.Reed, J., Payton, V.R. (1997). Focus groups: issues of analysis and interpretation. J. Adv. Nurs. 26 (4), 765–771.

Stafford, A., Haverland, A., Bridges, E., 2014. Noise in the ICU. AJN. Am. J. Nurs. 114 (5), 57–63.

Tahvili, A., Waite, A., Hampton, T., Welters, I., & Lee, P. J. (2025). Noise and sound in the intensive care unit: A cohort study. Scientific Reports, 15, 10858.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94365-8

Tronstad, O., et al. (2024). The introduction of a sound reduction bundle in the intensive care unit and its impact on sound levels and patients. Australian Critical Care, 37(4), 512–520.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2024.02.011

Vreman, J., Lemson, J., Lanting, C., van der Hoeven, J. G., & van den Boogaard, M. (2023). ICU noise and sound reduction interventions: A systematic review. Critical Care Explorations, 5(4), e0885.

https://doi.org/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000885

Vrettou, C., et al. (2026). Noise in the intensive care unit: A narrative review of characteristics, clinical impact, and reduction strategies. Critical Care Research and Practice, 2026, Article 4782724.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2026/4782724

Yuhana, I, dkk. (2020). Penggunaan Aplikasi Sound Meter Untuk Mengetahui Tingkat Kebisingan di Ruang Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Jurnal Keperawatan, 10 (1), 18-25.

Zhu, L., Wei, S., An, Y., Hu, W., Xie, X., et al. (2025). Mechanism, contributing factors, and coping strategies of alarm fatigue in intensive care nursing: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1654389.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1654389