Analisis KAP Dalam Mekanisme Rantai Pasok Sampah Domestik Rumah Tangga Pada Kawasan Padat Penduduk Di Kelurahan Gilingan Kota Surakarta

Gerson Benik; Richardus Indra Gunawan

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1187

Authors

Gerson Benik Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo
Richardus Indra Gunawan Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1187

Keywords:

knowledge-action gap, re-mixing, rantai pasok sampah, Theory of Planned Behavior, reverse logistics

Abstract

Pengelolaan sampah domestik di kawasan padat penduduk perkotaan menghadapi tantangan sistemik yang tidak hanya bersifat teknis, tetapi juga melibatkan dinamika perilaku masyarakat dan kesiapan infrastruktur logistik secara simultan. Penelitian ini berangkat dari fenomena kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan tindakan (knowledge-action gap) yang persisten, di mana sebagian besar warga memiliki pengetahuan memadai tentang klasifikasi sampah namun gagal mengimplementasikannya dalam praktik pemilahan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme rantai pasok sampah domestik serta faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan transisi dari pengetahuan menuju praktik pemilahan di kawasan padat penduduk Kelurahan Gilingan, Kota Surakarta. Menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, penelitian ini melibatkan 24 informan kunci yang terdiri atas perwakilan rumah tangga, petugas Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat, dan pengurus lingkungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman dengan kerangka integrasi Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) dan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa 68,75 persen warga memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang klasifikasi sampah, namun hanya 31,25 persen yang melakukan pemilahan secara konsisten. Kegagalan ini bukan disebabkan oleh rendahnya kesadaran, melainkan oleh lemahnya perceived behavioral control akibat keterbatasan infrastruktur serta persepsi kolektif bahwa pemilahan adalah tindakan sia-sia. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi fenomena kritis re-mixing, yaitu pencampuran kembali sampah yang telah dipilah akibat penggunaan armada pengangkut tanpa sekat pemisah, serta bottleneck spasial berupa gang sempit selebar 2 meter yang membatasi mobilitas logistik pengangkutan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa infrastruktur bukan sekadar alat angkut, melainkan enabler utama yang menentukan keberlanjutan praktik pemilahan dan kualitas aliran material dalam sistem reverse logistics. Secara teoretis, integrasi KAP, TPB, dan konsep reverse logistics pada skala rumah tangga di kawasan urban enclave mengisi kesenjangan penelitian yang selama ini terfragmentasi. Secara praktis, modifikasi armada pengangkut mikro dengan sekat kedap air direkomendasikan sebagai intervensi paling mendesak dan cost-effective untuk memutus lingkaran setan re-mixing sekaligus memulihkan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap sistem pengelolaan sampah.

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