Politik Prefiguratif dalam Tata Kelola Energi Terbarukan Komunitas: Indonesia

Hosea Alfandi Irawan

doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i2.1067

Authors

Hosea Alfandi Irawan Universitas Bangka Belitung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i2.1067

Keywords:

Energi Komunitas, Demokrasi Energi, Kebijakan Publik, Politik Prefiguratif, Transisi Energi

Abstract

Artikel ini menganalisis tata kelola energi terbarukan komunitas melalui teori politik prefiguratif. Masalah utama yang dibahas adalah lambatnya transisi energi daerah akibat ketergantungan pada energi fosil, perencanaan yang sentralistis, rendahnya kepemilikan warga, dan terbatasnya eksperimen kelembagaan di tingkat lokal. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menjelaskan relevansi politik prefiguratif bagi kebijakan energi daerah dan merumuskan model kebijakan publik partisipatoris untuk energi terbarukan berbasis komunitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka kualitatif dengan sintesis tematik terhadap artikel jurnal sepuluh tahun terakhir dan dokumen kebijakan energi Indonesia. Literatur dipilih berdasarkan keterkaitan dengan politik prefiguratif, demokrasi energi, energi komunitas, transisi energi Indonesia, dan kebijakan publik daerah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa politik prefiguratif dapat mengubah energi terbarukan dari proyek teknokratik menjadi praktik demokratis yang menghadirkan tujuan transisi dalam proses saat ini. Prinsip utamanya meliputi konsistensi antara cara dan tujuan, horizontalitas, kepemilikan komunitas, transparansi data, dan pembelajaran kelembagaan. Model kebijakan yang diajukan terdiri atas forum energi lokal, studi kelayakan sosial-teknis partisipatoris, koperasi atau dana manfaat komunitas, pelatihan tenaga lokal, audit sosial, dan evaluasi berbasis data. Model tersebut memberi perangkat awal bagi pemerintah daerah untuk menghubungkan target energi nasional dengan kebutuhan sosial warga. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa transisi energi daerah membutuhkan teknologi rendah karbon sekaligus relasi politik baru antara pemerintah, warga, PLN, komunitas, dan aktor pasar.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Becker, S., Angel, J., & Naumann, M. (2020). Energy democracy as the right to the city: Urban energy struggles in Berlin and London. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(6), 1093-1111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19881164

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE.

Brisbois, M. C. (2019). Powershifts: A framework for assessing the growing impact of decentralized ownership of energy transitions on political decision-making. Energy Research & Social Science, 50, 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.003

Brisbois, M. C. (2020). Decentralised energy, decentralised accountability? Lessons on how to govern decentralised electricity transitions from multi-level natural resource governance. Global Transitions, 2, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.01.001

Brown, D., Hall, S., & Davis, M. E. (2020). What is prosumerism for? Exploring the normative dimensions of decentralised energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 66, 101475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101475

Burke, M. J., & Stephens, J. C. (2018). Political power and renewable energy futures: A critical review. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.018

Clausen, L. T., & Rudolph, D. (2020). Renewable energy for sustainable rural development: Synergies and mismatches. Energy Policy, 138, 111289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111289

Fernandez, R. (2021). Community renewable energy projects: The future of the sustainable energy transition? The International Spectator, 56(3), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2021.1959755

Guerreiro, S., & Botetzagias, I. (2018). Empowering communities: The role of intermediary organisations in community renewable energy projects in Indonesia. Local Environment, 23(2), 158-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2017.1394830

Hess, D. J. (2018a). Energy democracy and social movements: A multi-coalition perspective on the politics of sustainability transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 40, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.003

Hess, D. J. (2018b). Social movements and energy democracy: Types and processes of mobilization. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6, 135. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00135

Institute for Essential Services Reform. (2024). Indonesia energy transition outlook 2025: Navigating Indonesia’s energy transition at the crossroads. IESR. https://iesr.or.id/

JETP Secretariat. (2023). Comprehensive investment and policy plan. Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership. https://jetp-id.org/

Koga, H. (2025). Community-based energy governance and the political. Dialogues on Climate Change, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/27539687241307955

Laakso, S., Heiskanen, E., & Matschoss, K. (2023). Practices and acts of energy citizenship. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 25(4), 479-491. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2023.2251915

Lawford, H. L., & Sareen, S. (2025). Institutional prefiguration: Community energy development through spaces of orchestration. Sustainability Science, 20, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01652-4

Massagony, A., Pandit, R., & White, B. (2025). Political economy of energy policy in Indonesia towards net zero emissions by 2060. Energy for Sustainable Development, 88, 101757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101757

Monticelli, L. (2021). On the necessity of prefigurative politics. Thesis Eleven, 167(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513621105699

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hrobjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Pambudi, N. A., Itaoka, K., Hartono, D., Pramudita, A., & Siregar, N. (2023). Renewable energy in Indonesia: Current status, potential, and future development. Sustainability, 15(3), 2342. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032342

Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Business Review, 29(4), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101717

PT PLN (Persero). (2025). Rencana usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2025-2034. PT PLN (Persero).

Resosudarmo, B. P., Rezki, J. F., Effendi, Y., & Permana, A. (2023). Prospects of energy transition in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 59(2), 149-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2023.2238336

Reuters. (2025, February 11). Indonesia plans to boost renewable usage in new electricity supply plan. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/

Schiller-Merkens, S. (2022). Social transformation through prefiguration? A multi-political approach of prefiguring alternative infrastructures. Historical Social Research, 47(4), 66-90. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.47.2022.39

Schiller-Merkens, S. (2024). Understanding prefigurative organizing and its struggles. Organization, 31(2), 244-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221124189

Smith, A., Contreras, G. A. T., Brisbois, M. C., Lacey-Barnacle, M., & Sovacool, B. K. (2023). Inclusive innovation in just transitions: The case of smart local energy systems in the UK. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 47, 100719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2023.100719

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Szulecki, K., & Overland, I. (2020). Energy democracy as a process, an outcome and a goal: A conceptual review. Energy Research & Social Science, 69, 101768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101768

van Veelen, B., & van der Horst, D. (2018). What is energy democracy? Connecting social science energy research and political theory. Energy Research & Social Science, 46, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.010

Wahlund, M., & Palm, J. (2022). The role of energy democracy and energy citizenship for participatory energy transitions: A comprehensive review. Energy Research & Social Science, 87, 102482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102482

Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971