Social Class Representation Through Language in Pride and Prejudice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1033Keywords:
Sociolinguistics, Social Class, Pride and Prejudice, language representation, social hierarchyAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis representasi kelas sosial melalui penggunaan bahasa dalam novel Pride and Prejudice karya Jane Austen dengan menggunakan perspektif sosiolinguistik. Penelitian menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik membaca dekat dan pencatatan terhadap dialog serta ujaran tokoh yang berasal dari latar sosial berbeda. Data dipilih berdasarkan kemunculan unsur pilihan kosakata, tingkat formalitas, strategi kesopanan, gaya berbicara, ekspresi emosi, dan sikap terhadap hierarki sosial. Tokoh yang dianalisis meliputi Mr. Darcy, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Miss Bingley, Charles Bingley, Elizabeth Bennet, Mrs. Bennet, Lydia Bennet, Mrs. Philips, dan Mr. Collins. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh kelas atas cenderung menggunakan bahasa yang lebih formal, terkontrol, terstruktur, dan berorientasi pada status untuk mempertahankan wibawa serta jarak sosial. Sebaliknya, tokoh dari posisi sosial yang relatif lebih rendah lebih sering memakai tuturan yang langsung, personal, emosional, dan berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Elizabeth Bennet memperlihatkan bahwa bahasa juga dapat digunakan untuk menegosiasikan dan menantang batas kelas, sedangkan penggunaan bahasa Mr. Collins menunjukkan bahwa formalitas yang berlebihan tidak selalu mencerminkan kecanggihan berbahasa. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa bahasa dalam novel tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana komunikasi, tetapi juga sebagai penanda identitas, kekuasaan, hubungan sosial, dan keanggotaan kelas. Dengan demikian, Pride and Prejudice menggambarkan perbedaan sosial masyarakat Inggris abad kesembilan belas melalui pola bahasa para tokohnya.
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